Pros and Cons using oil Free Essays

Pros and Cons of using oil I want to talk about advantages and disadvantages of using oil in our world, people can use it for different reasons. We use oil for cars, airplanes etc. In some countries it is very expensive but in other countries it is much more cheaper because today its harder to find that’s why its more expensive and may not be much left. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons using oil or any similar topic only for you Order Now Oil is very useful. For example, we can use it as an ingredient for our meal but also it used to accelerate the cars and how we also know doctors use oil in many medical reasons. I think advantages of using oil is that people can use it for different reason. People use oil for military reasons too. There are a lot of ways using oil. A lot of people now travel with plane, they couldn’t travel if there wasn’t oil. In war oil is used more because soldiers need to drive planes and cars and attack another country. People use oil to heat their houses. People use oil to get energy from it. When country is rich of oil its economy should be very good. Because other countries buy oil from them. In big wars such as WWW and WWW oil was the main thing that was needed to win the war. And the countries who started the war they wanted to capture the places where there is a lot of oil. Nowadays oil is very useful. In some places oil Is very expensive because they don’t produce oil but they buy it from other countries and they sell it expensive. But some countries sell oil much more cheaper because they produce oil in their countries. Disadvantages of using oil are that it makes pollution and a lot of people die because of that. People have used oil for centuries but using it made pollution. Pole used fuel smokes to kill another people. Usually they used It In wars. Burning oil produce carbon dioxide and It causes global warming. Passing near a car that brings out smoke,one starts to caught because the carbon dioxide that Is released from the car Is going to ones kings and It can result with serious problems to ones health. And used OLL Is hard to recycle and a lot of factories produce carbon monoxide by giving it out to the air. People start to breath with this air. I think In our time Oil Is very useful because without OLL we can not survive. People can not use electronically devices or we can not move without cars or planes. We would need more time to go to some places without planes. But It would be better because there would not be pollution and people could live longer. In some places oil is very expensive because they don’t produce oil but they buy it from other countries and they sell it expensive. But pollution. People used fuel smokes to kill another people. Usually they used it in wars. Burning oil produce carbon dioxide and it causes global warming. Passing near a car that brings out smoke,one starts to caught because the carbon dioxide that is released from the car is going to ones kings and it can result with serious problems to ones health. And used oil is hard to recycle and a lot of factories produce carbon monoxide by giving it out to the air. People start to breath with this air. I think in our time Oil is very useful because without oil we can not survive. People can not use time to go to some places without planes. But it would be better because there would How to cite Pros and Cons using oil, Papers

Strategies to Mitigate Pollution & Risks-Free-Samples for Students

Quesions: Disucss about the Strategies to Mitigate Pollution and Risks on Climate by Population Increase on Cities in Developing Counties. Answers: Introduction This case study report is based on a scenario affecting major cities in developing countries in terms of pollution that has affected the surrounding environment. In that connection, the mode of living in these cities become unbearable and thus affecting many incomes generating programs in these developing countries[1](Lash, Scott John Urry 2014, 107). In that connection, for clarity and precision, this particular case study report aims at critically analyzing pollution that has led to climatic changes in developing countries in African continent. We further narrow down to two countries. That is, South Africa and Nigeria. Having selected the two developing counties, this case study report will apply the concepts of sustainability event development so as to offer recommendation on this particular issue. Later on, the case study report will be implemented to solve this particular scenario and as well in solving such similar scenarios in other developing countries all over the globe. It is important to note that both counties have the same growth rate in terms of population, gross domestic product, per capita income and infrastructure. From year 2015, the population has been increasing in cities such as Cape Town in South Africa and Lagos in Nigeria. A lot of people having been migrating from rural areas to cities so as to search for greener pastures in the cities. This implies that, the level of unemployment in developing counties make many citizens to migrate to urban centers for search of employment [2](Jeffrey 2016, 37). This in return results to over population in the cities due to inadequate housing in the cities. The other problem associated to overpopulation is pollution since the governments of these developing countries are unable to stress extra resources within the budget to resolve the issue of housing. They are also not able to mitigate the issue of pollution brought by over population. In the long run, the release of wastes into the environment aff ects the population, the living conditions, climate and other many important aspects surrounding and associated to the cities. From the background narrated in the above scenario, the basis of our case study is formed clearly. Thus, we aim to analyze that case and offer the best recommendations so as to mitigate the problem. This will be of great importance to the residents of these cities, the governments, the citizens and other countries facing these problems [3](Blewitt 2008, 116). The case study report will be very significant to international organizations dealing with environment and climate. This is because it will form a basis for implementation of strategies and offer space for further future research in similar case and any other related scenario. The main reason for the choice of this case scenario is to attempt to formulate strategies to solve the problem of pollution that result to climatic changes in developing counties. This is important so as to assist the community in achieving long term goals in future development [4](Cottrel 2008, 67). This case will as well make the world productive. This also assist in reducing the impacts of devastating effects on climatic changes that can shift on part of the world to another. Thus, this is a sustainable event development that has a major take on the entire globe. This is a global issue rather than a one man show. Literature review There have been other case studies that have been conducted to solve many issues on sustainable event development. The previous case studies are very important as far as this particular case study is concerned. According to a case study formulated on the impact of climatic changes in Caribbean, the researchers were able to come up with mitigation strategies on climatic changes and pollution in Caribbean territory [5](Dul Halk 2008, 49). Such mitigations include the green effect strategy that was applied to reduce negative impact of toxic gases released by factories and manufacturing industries. Thus, in this case study, such as strategies can be incorporated so as to come up with admirable recommendations. However, just like a research project, the previous case studies miss so gaps that need to be filled. A literature gap on the major causes of these underlying pollution and associated climate changes were not developed in the previous case study. Thus, the aim of this case study will in a position to fill the asserted literature gaps. Discussion on pollution and climatic changes in Cape Town and Lagos Cape Town in South African and Lagos in Nigeria form major cities in developing countries that are facing pollution and climatic changes. Due to lack of adequate measures to dispose wastes in these cities are the main causes in that problem [6](Mulvaney Joliffe 2005, 101). Together with population that tend to increase heavily in these areas. According to annual demographic census of 2016. The population in Cape Town is approximated to be 13 million. On the other hand, according to annual demographic Census of 2017, the population of Lagos in Nigeria is approximated to be 11 million. This is far above the previous census on the population of these cities. In Cape Town, the population from the previous census was 7million and 5.5 million in Lagos Nigeria [7](Sachs 2015, 79). The irony of this population growth rate is vested on growth rate in infrastructure. There has been insignificant development in infrastructure to absorb the population increase in these cities. In that connectio n, the level of waste released in the environment has been increasing in these cities [8](Richard 2013, 129). The governments of South Africa and Nigeria have not been able so set mechanism to dispose these wastes as population increase. Types of pollutions and risks to the climate There have been different forms of pollution that affect these cities in terms of living conditions and development. These types of pollutions form a sample of pollutions that affect many of cities in developing counties. These forms of pollution include water pollution, air pollution, land pollution and deforestation. Water pollution In Lagos Nigeria, there are many industries that have been formed so as to perform different activities. Nigeria is a major producer of oil in Africa. Therefore, a lot of oil refinery industries are located in Lagos so as to facilitate the process of oil refining [9](Ryan Deci 2017, 41). To start with, these industries are very demanding in terms of water for cooling the systems. The plants refining oil are exothermic which need to be cooled. Thus, a lot of water is used in the process. Again, the crude oil released as a residue. Due to lack of appropriate mode of disposal, these industries release these residues to rivers and sources of water surrounding the city. This case study is analyzing Lagos having in mind that there are more cities with oil refinery industries that tend to do the same to lack of appropriate mechanisms for residue and waste disposal. On the other hand, in Cape Town South Africa, the city is highly occupied by industries dealing with refinery of gold. South Africa is highly known for extraction of gold. In that case, a lot of industries have been set to cool the systems since they are exothermic [10](Spirou 2010, 45). Just like in Nigeria, the process of waste disposal is inadequate. This implies that, the industries release the wastes to nearby lakes, rivers and other sources of water. This highly affect the supply of water in the cities. This result to low water supply to important sectors such as schools, hospitals and other social amenities in the cities. Thus, a lot of cities in developing countries are recorded to have challenges in water supply. Approximately 70% of cities in developing countries have not been able to offer adequate supply of water to the citizens. Air pollution This is another form of pollution that have highly affected Lagos and Cape Town along with many other cities in developing countries. This is cause by inappropriate mechanisms to dispose gases that have been emitted from the industries [11](Thomas 2009, 233). According to annual environmental report released in year 2016, the report indicated that approximately 90% of these gases that have been emitted into the environment are toxic in nature. They are very dangerous to human health and the environment. Release of toxic sulphur IV oxide to the environment affect the climate in these cities. When the gases dissolves into the environment, the result is acidic rain that have devastating effects into the environment and the population in general. The effects of acid rain have caused corrosion to roofing and motor vehicles. Therefore, the effects of air pollution cannot be ignored in South Africa and Nigeria. Again, the general environment in these cities are not admirable to the visitors and tourists[12] (Trainor Graue 2014, 234). Again, air pollution is affected from burning of non-biodegradable materials. A lot of companies in the cities are packing their final products in non-biodegradable material. These materials are difficult to dispose since they do not decompose. The measure used by city councils of these cities is to burn them. In the process, they release a lot toxic carbon monoxide gas. This gas inhibits the supply of oxygen in the environment. This make the environment to be irritating due to unpleasant and choking smell. This smell is disturbing to the residents and many urban tourists. Land pollution Land is a very important resource of any country. This implies that, a lot of care need to be employed so as to safeguard the land. Every human being has a duty of care to the land. The release of waste materials to environment surrounding the cities have been documented in the report on pollution. In that connection, the have been land degradation. The residues of crude oil to the land have affected the surrounding land [13](Ernest 2017, 133). The land is also polluted from the resulting of mining processes. The release of lead metal and calcium metals from mining cites in the cities make the land to lose its texture. It is also estimated that 2.1 million people in Lagos will be suffering from cancer ailments due to release of radioactive radiations from oil refinery cites and lead extraction cites. On the other hand, the land in Cape Town South Africa have become unproductive due to release of uranium that is used in extraction of gold. It is also estimated that 3.4 million people are in a threshold of people anticipated to suffer from radiations from uranium. Uranium is a radioactive metal that decompose during extraction of gold. This make the land to lose its productivity [14](Ernest 2017, 133). This kind of pollution is caused by increase in population. The demand for gold in Cape Town South Africa is increasing day in day out. In return, the activities in extraction of gold are increased so as to meet the demand. In the process, the land is affected. To the climate, the radiations spread damaging the ozone layer which again increase the threat of cancerous rays from the sun. Deforestation This is the last pollution and risk to the climate to be considered in this case study. Due to increase in population, cities in developing countries that are represented by Lagos Nigeria and Cape Town South Africa in this case study need to be expand their territories so as to accommodate the increased population[15](William 2017, 67). In return, there is cut down of trees in the areas surrounding the cities. This is referred as deforestation. In that case, this process affects the climate in the cities. This reduces water supply due to low rains in the areas. Observations From the above problems on pollution, there a lot of observations that can be drawn from the case study. These observations relate to the effects of pollutions to the cities. There is low water supply from water pollution. Low water supply makes the residents in the area to strain in performing the normal daily activities [16](William 2017, 67). It also affects social amenities such as schools and hospitals in the cities. This also affect the companies, factories and industries in the area which lowers the per capita and gross domestic product. Land pollution and air pollution limit the activities of tourism in the area which lowers foreign exchange and growth of cultural activities. Air pollution affect the climate by causing acid rains that are corrosive to roofs and motor vehicles along with roads. Recommendations There are a lot of measures that can be used to mitigate that problem of pollution and risks on climate due to population increase in Cape Town and Lagos as part of cities in developing countries. The government in developing countries need to limit the migration of people to urban centers until all the resources set in the cities top support the population are revisited. This measure will reduce pollution due to overpopulation [17](Jean-Louis 2017, 67). The best mechanism to limit the migration of people to cities that can be applied by the governments is to offer incentives to rural residents. In that case, there would be no need to migrate since the population in the rural area is empowered. There is need to incorporate measures and mechanism to dispose non-biodegradable materials that cause land and air pollution. This can be done by application of biodegradable material in production process. The international environmental organization need also to chip in to put measure that would govern formation of industries that release toxic gases [18](Ron 2017, 99). There should proper legal framework to govern formation of those industries. Proper licensing need to be done so that industries indicate the methods they aim to use to mitigate the effects of these gases to the environment. There should be measures to family planning to reproduce a population that can be supported by the resources in the cities. Also, then government can increase the resources to support the population. There is need to refer from previous case studies on effects of population increase on pollution and risks on climate. These case studies are analyzed to offer solutions on pollution to major cities. Lagos city need to set oil refinery industries to safe area such as coastal regions with plenty of water for cooling of the systems and disposal of residues. Cape Town city need set gold processing industries in appropriate areas such as costal region so as to keep the city safe from pollution and adverse climatic condition. Conclusion In conclusion, the case study forms a base line to implementation of the above recommendations so as to mitigate the problems asserted. Human population need to be controlled using appropriate measures so as to reduce the pollution that have caused a lot of climatic changes and adverse effects to the community [19](Vallero 2007, 45). By putting the above factors into consideration, the cities in developing countries will be able to achieve the long-term goals and objectives on development of infrastructure and job creation to the people. Proper and adequate housing need to be addressed in the cities [20](Hill 2010, 78). There should be more measures and mechanisms to dispose pollutants so as to develop and protect our cities. Development of questions To what extent have land, air and pollution affected the climate of cities in developing counties? What measures need to be employed by international organizations to control human population so as to limit the effects of pollution? Do cities in developed counties face such a problem? What measure do these countries applied to mitigate the population-pollution issue? According to your own opinion, have the government failed in controlling the level of pollution in the cities? Bibliography Books Cottrel. The study skills handbook. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Daniel, Vallero. Fundamentals of Air Pollution, Fourth Edition. Academic Press, 2007. Dul Halk. Case Study Methodology in Business Research. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008. Jeffrey, Sachs. The Age of Sustainability Development. Tantor Audio, 2016. Jeffrey, Sachs. The Age of Sustainable Development. Columbia University Press, 2015. John, Blewitt. Understanding Sustainable Development. Routledge, 2008. Lash, Scott, and John Urry.Economies of Signs Space. London: Sage Publications, 2014. Marquita, Hill. Understanding Environmental Pollution. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Moore, Ernest. Trauma, Eighth Edition. McGraw-Hill Education/Medical, 2017. Mulvaney Joliffe. Academic writing: genres, samples, and resources. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. Owens, William. The Advanced Ventilator Book. First Draught Press, 2017. Richard. Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective. Grin publishing, 2013. Ryan Deci. Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Need in Motivation, development and Wellness. The Guilford Press, 2017. Spirou. Urban Tourism and Urban Changes: Cities in the Global Economy. Routledge, 2010. Thomas. Intrinsic Motivation: What Really Drives Employees Engagement. Berret-Koehler publishers, 2009. Trainor Graue. Evaluating rigor in qualitative methodology and research dissemination.Remedial and Special Education. London press, 2014. Vincent, Jean-Louis. Textbook of Critical Care, 7e. Elsevier, 2017. Walls, Ron. Rosens Emergency Medicine. Concepts and Clinical Practice. 2-volume set. Elsevier, 2017. Journal MacDonald, Susan Peck. The Erasure of Language.College Composition and Communication58, no. 4 (2007): 585-625. Website Thrall, Grant Ian.Land Use and Urban Form. New York: Methuen, 2009. https://www.rri.wvu.edu/WebBook/Thrallbook/Land%20Use%20and%20Urban%20Form.pdf. Lash, Scott, and John Urry.Economies of Signs Space. London: Sage Publications, 2014. Jeffrey, Sachs. The Age of Sustainability Development. Tantor Audio, 2016. John, Blewitt. Understanding Sustainable Development. Routledge, 2008. Cottrel. The study skills handbook. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Dul Halk. Case Study Methodology in Business Research. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008. Mulvaney Joliffe. Academic writing: genres, samples, and resources. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. Jeffrey, Sachs. The Age of Sustainable Development. Columbia University Press, 2015. Richard. Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective. Grin publishing, 2013. Ryan Deci. Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Need in Motivation, development and Wellness. The Guilford Press, 2017. Spirou. Urban Tourism and Urban Changes: Cities in the Global Economy. Routledge, 2010. Thomas. Intrinsic Motivation: What Really Drives Employees Engagement. Berret-Koehler publishers, 2009. Trainor Graue. Evaluating rigor in qualitative methodology and research dissemination.Remedial and Special Education. London press, 2014. Moore, Ernest. Trauma, Eighth Edition. McGraw-Hill Education/Medical, 2017 Moore, Ernest. Trauma, Eighth Edition. McGraw-Hill Education/Medical, 2017. Owens, William. The Advanced Ventilator Book. First Draught Press, 2017. Owens, William. The Advanced Ventilator Book. First Draught Press, 2017. Vincent, Jean-Louis. Textbook of Critical Care, 7e. Elsevier, 2017. Walls, Ron. Rosens Emergency Medicine. Concepts and Clinical Practice. 2-volume set. Elsevier, 2017. Daniel, Vallero. Fundamentals of Air Pollution, Fourth Edition. Academic Press, 2007. Marquita, Hill. Understanding Environmental Pollution. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Vampires, Obsession Throughout Eternity Obsession Analysis Essay Example For Students

Vampires, Obsession Throughout Eternity Obsession Analysis Essay Vampires, Obsession Throughout EternityObsession. A persistent, disturbing preoccupation with an often-unreasonable idea, feeling, object or person; broadly: compelling motivation (Collegiate Dictionary). Many stories have been told of obsessed men and women who waste their lives on lost causes, calling them tragedies. But what if you were immortal? What if you were forever? Then your life would not be wasted, but instead a reason for living would become instinctive. And what if having an obsession, something criticized by mortal humans, was the only way to keep your sanity and appetite for life through eternity? When looking through the vampire’s eyes in film and literature, we see that the foremost vampires have an obsession, a calling that drives them. Without this obsession, it seems, vampires would be lost through time, wandering the earth with no motivation, and though this may sound redundant, with no life. Vampires, it seems, are more capable of going through time when they have a passion. Whether this passion comes from love, knowledge, or power, vampires – such as the ones from Blade, Bram Stoker’s Dracula, and Interview with the Vampire – are all driven by their own obsessions, without which they become lost, empty. We will write a custom essay on Vampires, Obsession Throughout Eternity Obsession Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now According to the film Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1995), Count Dracula was a man who had sworn to protect the church from its enemies until he found out that his beloved had committed suicide because she thought he had been killed in battle. His love and obsession for her, â€Å"Whom he prized above all things on earth,† was so strong that he then swore off the church and thus became vampire. When we again see Count Dracula, he looks old and weak, and has become very eccentric and seemingly insane. But when by accident he discovers that his beloved is alive in Mina, the fianc? of Jonathan Harker, he embarks on a quest to be with her. He becomes youthful and cunning; his mind seems to be that of a charming and intelligent nobleman; instead of that of an elderly recluse. We see the undead come to life, with powers that overwhelm the imagination. But when Mina decides to leave him to wed Jonathan Harker, he again turns into a monster, a shadow of his former self. The life seems to have drained out of him. This proves that it was his love for Mina, his eternal infatuation with her that had kept him going through the ages. It is this obsession that forced him to become a vampire, and he then hoped that one day he would be reunited with his love, because he knew that she would not have been able to join him in heaven. And though he knew of the dangers that surrounded him, he risked everything to be with her, for he would have rather die than to lose her again. Love also drives Louis, the hero (or victim, depending on the point of view) of Interview with the Vampire. Louis was a sad person when Lestat turned him into a vampire; his sole reason for living was his own guilt and misery. He did not even allow himself the ultimate pleasure a vampire has and needs, human blood. He feeds off rats and other animals, and wanders the street aimlessly, lost. As he puts it after Lestat tells him that there is no hell, â€Å"But there was a hell, and no matter where we moved to, I was in it.† But when Lestat gives him an undead companion, a young girl named Claudia, his whole world is turned upside down. He has a new â€Å"thirst† for life, literally. He begins to enjoy the very things he had denied himself. As he put it when narrating his story, â€Å"Time can pass quickly for mortals when they’re happy. With us, it was the same.† But when his search for knowledge leads to Claudia’s death at the hand of other vampires , he loses his spirit and once again becomes lost. As he describes his new life:For years I wondered: Italy, Greece†¦ all the ancient lands. .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 , .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 .postImageUrl , .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 , .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57:hover , .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57:visited , .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57:active { border:0!important; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57:active , .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57 .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc24348689dffb6360f2b5ce57c972f57:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Educational Goals and Future Aspirations EssayBut the world was a tomb to me. A graveyard full of broken statues. And each of those statues resembled her face. There was another driving force for the vampires of Interview. It was a quest for knowledge, a mission to find answers, or a link, to a world that was beyond their grasp. Louis and Claudia, who became â€Å"orphaned† after they left Lestat for dead, were then involved on a search for other vampires, in hopes of finding out their origin and nature. We booked a passage to Europe. Over the weeks, while waitingFor the boat, she studied the myths and legends of the Old World. Obsessed with the search for what she called ‘our kind’†Thus the two of them had a driving force, as Louis narrates: â€Å"We searched village after village†¦ ruin after ruin†¦ country after country. And always we found nothing.† But when they find the vampire Armand and his Theatre of Vampires, they found none of the answers they so desperately searched for. The vampire Armand had his own agenda, and thus sets into motion the events that would lead to the death of Claudia and the destruction of the Theatre of Vampires. He Knew that he needed something to help him adhere to the changing times, he needed Louis to guide him, to be his obsession. â€Å"The vampires from the new world came to guide us into a new era, as all we love slowly rots and fades away.† But when Louis turned down his offer, knowing that Armand had been responsible for Claudia’s death, Armand realizes that without Louis as his obsession, he is â€Å"dead.† As is, in a way, Louis:I go on night after night. I feed on those who cross my path. But all my passion went with her golden hair. I’m a spirit of preternatural flesh. Detached. Unchangeable. Empty. The action movie Blade, though relying more on the action sequences and Hong Kong style martial arts, contains a captivating plot with some interesting twists on the vampire myth. Yet one thing remains constant, and it is the driving obsession behind the two main vampires. In this case, it’s power. Deacon Frost, leader of a vampire cult, is obsessed with finding LaMagra, a supernatural being that he believes will give him the power to conquer the world. Blade, on the other hand, is driven by a fanatical passion and power rush he gets from killing vampires. Their obsessions lead to several confrontations, which set the stage for the final showdown. What makes Frost the strongest vampire among his kin and makes him stand out is his passion to conquer the world with LaMagra. But he is met with opposition from both the House of Erebus (the ruling council of vampires) and from Blade. Yet his drive is so strong he is seldom seen sleeping nor feeding, but always working on a way to a ccomplish his goal. He becomes strong enough by this that he is eventually able to take on and destroy the House of Erebus. This obsession is apparent when he throws a party and the question on everyone’s mind is â€Å"But, where is he?† He is then shown in front of his computer, still working on finding LaMagra. Blade also seems to have given up everything for his desire to kill vampires. He allows himself to feel nothing, not even love for his father figure, Whistler. He is so driven that he often loses sight of the very humanity he tries to protect. At an instant where Frost throws a little girl in front of a bus in order to escape, Blade actually hesitates in choosing between taking out Frost and saving the little girl. Furthermore, when Blade is offered a cure for his vampirism, he decides to turn it down, saying â€Å"You keep your cure. It’s not over†¦ there is a war going on. And I have a job to do!† Thus, this eternal passion is what gives B lade life. Because without vampires to hunt, Blade would have nothing to live for. .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a , .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a .postImageUrl , .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a , .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a:hover , .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a:visited , .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a:active { border:0!important; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a:active , .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u496d75293aac0dc0073801fc404ede5a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: After The Atomic Bomb EssayVampires are often described as immortal beings of superhuman strength and eternal beauty. Yet this seems to be more of a curse than a gift. Because how can a vampire live through eternity in an ever changing world while they remain the same. This is why the extraordinary vampires of Interview With the Vampire, Blade, and Bram Stoker’s Dracula stood out, because they found the answer, they found a reason for living. Since this reason for living had to be in eternal proportions, it could come as nothing less as an essential obsession that drives through the ages, without which the vampires would be lost. Yet this obsession comes in the same shape as those fundamental human obsessions (thus showing a glimpse of the vampire’s fledging humanity) – Love, Knowledge, and Power. English Essays

Impact of caring for a patient with dementia The WritePass Journal

Impact of caring for a patient with dementia Abstract Impact of caring for a patient with dementia AbstractDementia Background:IntroductionCareerPoliciesImpact/Burden of Caring What about the impact?Reference ListRelated Abstract Dementia Background: Dementia is most commonly misunderstood and misrepresented in terms of what it is and what actually causes it and most importantly who it affects. The Royal College of Physicians (2005) relatively defines Dementia as: â€Å"the global impairment of higher cortical functions including memory, the capacity to solve the problems of day-to-day living, the performance of learned   perceptuomotor   skills, the correct use of social skills and the control of emotional reactions, in the absence of gross clouding of consciousness (i.e. drowsiness and the lack of alertness in the person). The condition is often irreversible and progressive†. Drawing on observations in all the health and all the social care settings, Kitwood ( 1997) suggested that people with Dementia were frequently denied personhood, mainly because of ‘ malignant social psychology’ in layman’s terms the negative attitudes and unhelpful behaviours of professional staff . Carers (Recognition and Services) Act ,1995 defines carer as: ‘someone who provides a substantial level of care on a regular basis’ people who are under a contract of employment   are excluded. Carers for people with Dementia advocate for the development of person centered care which is one of the key ideas of the new culture of dementia care, which was formulated by the now deceased Tom Kitwood and the Bradford   Dementia group and professionals as well as researchers who used and disseminated Kitwood’s work. The idea of person centered care is helpful.† It reinforces the PERSON and   not the illness and when we consider the stigma associated with a diagnosis   of dementia and how the person can become invisible this concept is a very good way of redressing th is balance. It is felt that a person centered/relationship centered approach to care will help to promote social Inclusion we felt that it was also necessary to consider within the context of Relationship centered care It encourages people caring for people with Dementia, such as staff in residential homes to find out about the whole Person, their life history, likes and dislikes etc. which will then improve the Care given to the person with dementia, and also make caring for them easier. It is a well recognised fact that Carers play a significant role in providing Support to people with dementia. Quite often this support is unpaid or contracted out   with people frequently providing in excess of 50 hours per week with almost half of those providing such high levels of care being over 60 years of age. It is identified in the New Dementia Strategy (2009)that â€Å"family carers are often   old and frail themselves and have high levels of carer burden, depression and   Physical illness, and decreased quality of life†. Family carers need specific   Emotional and   practical support. Many family carers find the diagnosis of dementia traumatic. Where the family are the main carers, they must be offered a comprehensive Carer’s Assessment. Introduction As we all grow older, there is always the inkling of wonder about the illness of dementia, we have all witnessed it by either seeing our friends and family and neighbors somehow exhibiting   some form and symptoms of the Dementia illness, and we just wonder   if   they are sufferers?. As a psychiatric nurse i often become involved in the lives of carers of people with Dementia usualy when a change or a   crisis occurs, involving either the person cared for or the   carer which by then the family find it hard to manage   by themselves. I have come to realise that the carers often give up many of their outside interests rearrange or reorganize the home or even getting some neighbours   for an hour or two to provide a sitting service for them   to catch up with sleep and other necessary chores. This type of contribution from the carer I have come to acknowledge and to see it as recourses which have made me see the carer of a person with dementia in a different light. The support and care for older people with mental health needs as well as their carers had become the gradual responsibility of a constellation of   statutory agencies in as much as volutantary   organisation s and the independent   companies. Research suggests there has been a cultural change in the role of the carer. Carers don’t choose to become carers: it just happens and they have to get on with it; if they did not do it, who would and what Would happen to the person they care for. In my current working Environment I have come across â€Å"The Essex, Strategy for Dementia 2011- 2014 which is based on national guidance set out in living well with dementia: A National Dementia Strategy,2009 (NDS), the subsequent Department of Health Quality Outcomes for people with Dementia   and the NICE Quality Standard for Dementia The purpose of the Strategy is to provide an overarching statement of how the Objectives are met. With the new concepts and new statutes coming out for the Carers of people with Dementia I decided to under take a review on the Impact on Carers for caring for a person with Dementia as this is still a forgotten issue. I am hoping to empower myself with the information gathered to get a better understanding and insight into my named topic and also to determine if this is a Burden to the carer or it is simply an impact   to the carer. There used to be sparce information on the role of the carer, but now there is an abundance of literature to support. With a better understanding of the subject topic I am hoping to share my findings with my colleagues   and carers that might benefit from the little I may have gathered. Dementia Dementia is most commonly misunderstood in terms of what it is, who is affected and what the causes is. Definitions of Dementia have become more precise and to the point in the last twenty years or so, the current diagnostic criteria for Dementia mainly refer to the multiple cognitive and intellectual deficiencies. The term Dementia which derives from the Latin word â€Å"Demes† which translates into English as out of one’s mind .This is commonly used as though there was only one illness or disease.(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ). Dementia describes signs and symptoms that transpire when the brain is affected by a number of specific diseases and conditions. According to the definition given in the revised version of the International Classification   Of Diseases (WHO 2010) ‘Dementia is a syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or progressive nature’ further explained as an acquired   and   usually irreversible disorder which is commonly regarded as a disease of the old age of 65 years plus. This highlights that most of the research has concentrated on elderly sufferers possibly to the detriment of the younger suffers and their careers. In 2006 the Alzheimer’s Society commissioned the London School of Economics and the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College London to produce a report on dementia in the UK. The research team was commissioned to provide the most up-to-date evaluation of the numbers of people with dementia in the UK, projections on numbers of people in the future and to explain the financial cost of dementia Health and social policy makers need accurate estimates of the numbers of people who currently have dementia and those who will develop it in the future in order to plan the services needed to support them. The research that underpins this report has used a methodology known as the Expert Delphi Consensus to produce the best possible estimates using currently available research data.   Dilip V et al 92010) Ten leading UK and European experts systematically reviewed the evidence base and reached a consensus that:   The prevalence of both young onset and late onset dementia increases with age, doubling with every five-year increase across the age range. The prevalence of young onset dementia (under 65 years old) was adjudged to be higher in men than in women for those aged 50–65, while late onset dementia was considered to be marginally more prevalent in women than in men. Alzheimer’s disease was considered to be the dominant subtype,   particularly among older people, and in women. Frontotemporal dementia was considered to account for a substantial proportion of young onset cases among younger men. The report estimates that there are 11,392 people from black and minority ethnic groups with dementia. It is noteworthy that 6.1% of all people with dementia among Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups are young onset,   compared with only 2.2% for the UK population as a whole, reflecting the   younger age profile of BME communities. The prevalence of dementia among people in institutions varied little by age or gender, increasing from 55.6% among those aged 65–69 to 64.8% in those aged 95 and over. The consensus group also generated estimates of the prevalence of dementia among all those aged 65 years and over living in EMI (elderly mentally infirm) homes (79.9%), nursing homes (66.9%) and residential care homes (52.2%). The proportion of deaths attributable to dementia increases steadily from 2% at age 65 to a peak of 18% at age 85–89 in men, and from 1% at age 65 to a peak of 23% at age 85–89 in women. Overall, 10% of deaths in men over 65 years, and 15% of deaths in women over 65 years may be attributable to dementia. Annually, 59,685 deaths among the over 65s might have been averted if dementia were not present in the   population. The majority of these deaths occurred among those aged 80–95 years. Delaying the onset of dementia by five years would halve the number of UK deaths due to dementia to 30,000 a year. It is   estimated   that there are now 683,597 people with dementia in the United Kingdom. This represents one person in every 88 (1.1%) of the entire UK population. For simplicity the Alzheimer’s Society(2001) will be using the figure 700,000 for people with dementia in the UK in public messages. The total number of people with dementia in the UK is forecast to increase to 940,110 by 2021 and 1,735,087 by 2051, an increase of 38% over the next 15   years and 154% over the next 45 years†. ( DEMENTIA UK 2011) The prevalence and incidence of Dementia is currently continuing to rise, according to the Department of Health’s statistics brought up in the new Dementia strategy of 2009 shows that both incident and prevalence of Dementia continue to rise in a linear manner among the patients who are over 65 years. Age continues to be the most important risk factor for dementia and it needs to be further understood of the role it plays for effective preventative an   therapeutic plans and strategies to be put in place for future development. There are about 700 000 people with dementia in the UK. Dementia has a big effect on our society; there are at least 15,000 people under 65 who have the illness. The number of people with dementia in minority ethnic groups is about 15,000 but this figure will rise as populations get older. Dementia makes the lives of people who have it, and the lives of their families and carers, very difficult. Department of Health (2009). Career The Role of the carer   is rarely chosen ,it is often thrust upon individuals as a consequence of a sudden illness, disability or accident of a family member . A carer is someone who provides unpaid care   by looking after someone else who can either be a family member or a relative, or maybe a friend who is either ill or frail or possibly have a disability. (CarersUK 2011) Carers save the economy  £87 billion per year an average of 315,260 per Carers Many people who are carers do not necessarily recognise themselves as carers. They are parents, children, partners, friends or neighbours doing what needs to be done to maintain the quality of life for those that they are looking after. They may not realise that support is available to them in their caring role. It is vital that carers are identified and supported. Carers provide unpaid care and support, involving, for example, personal care (washing, bathing, dressing, feeding,) cooking, shopping, housework and giving emotional support. Carers have the right to an assessment of their needs and may be able to get extra help and financial support. They can discuss this with a member of staff who can signpost them appropriately to the social work team. Carers should have the opportunity to be involved whatever their age, gender, sexuality, disability or religion. Many children are carers and should be acknowledged as such. The important part is recognising and valuing carers as partners in the well-being and recovery of the patient. Their involvement is important, not least because of the emotional bond between carers and the   people they care for. Good information enables carers to become partners in   the provision of care and supports them in best helping the person they care for. Carers are an important people in our society. Most health and Community care is provided by family, friends, and relatives. Statistics from the Charity Carers UK indicate that 1 in 8 adults are cares, which is about six million people in retrospect of the United Kingdom population. It is also estimated that by the year 2037 it’s anticipated that the number of carers will increase to 9 million. Every day another 6000 people take on the caring responsibility. The latest figures on carers are from the 2011 census, this indicates that the 6 million carers are actually 10% of the total population and approximately this is 12% of the adult population. The 2001 census showed that women are more likely to be carers than men, across the UK the number of female carers totals 58% than man 42%   Census Carers UK( 2001). Carers have achieved agreat deal in the last 15 years and it is essential that these gains are not lost or traded away in any new legal or policy initiative. One way which has been identified to charter these achievements is to plot them against the evolutionary scale pronounced by Twigg Artkin 1994. It is argued that the NHS and Community Care (1990) treated carers as a resourse valued only in terms of their ability to provide support , the act made no refernce to the rights for carers, relying instead opn the rhetoric of the guidance to deliver the message that they were valued. There are many impacts of caring for a person with Dementia, these vary from financial costs as caring can be significant, health, the impact of caring can be detrimental to the health of carers. The 2011 Census took place on 27 March 2011. Statistics obtained from a Census   improve the understanding of people’s needs. Government and local Authorities in England and Wales depend on this information to help ensure that citizens get the services they need in their community. Scotland had a separate census, which will also took place on 27 March 2011. The ONS distributed questionnaires in March to around 25 million households. The survey covered questions ranging from information about work, health, national identity, citizenship, ethnic background, education, second homes, language, marital status and so on. Carers needed to fill the Census 2011forms as it also inquired about carers and cared for. All information provided was kept in strictest confidence and only to be used to produce statistics. The answers were to be turned into statistics used to build a picture of today’s society. It was deemed simple If the census could not   see you, the organizations’ responsible for delivering the services you need would   not be able to see you either. Policies Some legislation have been achieved as a successful campaigning by numerous local and national organizations, such as the work and families act 2006, this act gave carers the right to request flexible   working times from their employer this came into effect around 2.65million carers. On 3rd of February 2009 the government published Living   well with Dementia, a new national Dementia strategy which sets out to plan for action that should benefit the half a million carers looking after someone. The National Carers Strategy published in June 2008 and sets out a ten year vision for government and public bodies. Carers like everyone else in the UK are entitled to rely on the protection of the Human Rights Act 1998. The Government’s National Strategy – Caring about Carers published in 1999 (http:www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics)   requires organisations to ensure inclusion of the carer as well as the individual patient or service user as partners and to give them real choices and control over the range, nature and timing of services. In June 2007, the DoH announced the introduction of a ‘New Deal for Carers’. This programme of work was a commitment in the DoH’s 2006 White Paper ‘Our Health, Our Care,Our Say’ . It includes proposals for a revision of the Prime Minister’s 1999 Carers Strategy, setting up: a help and advice telephone line; provision of cover in emergencies; and an expert carers’ programme. The UCLH Carers’ Policy has taken this new programe into account. A core principle of The NHS Plan (2000) states â€Å"The NHS will shape its services around the needs and preferences of individual patients, their families and their carers†. The Carers and Disabled Children Act (2000) means that carers have the right to be consulted about their willingness and / or ability to provide or continue to provide care for another person. ‘Being Open (National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) initiative, 2005) set out the obligation for trusts to be open and honest when communicating with patients and carers about the causes of any unexpected harm that resulted   from the treatment and care of patients.   The National Service Framework (NSF) for Older People (2001) standards set out the importance of information for carers. ‘Consent A Guide for Relatives and Carers’ (2001) states that friends and relatives cannot make decisions on behalf of patients who cannot decide for themselves. Even so they may be able to tell health professionals about the person’s opinions and beliefs, for example if they have strong views about particular health conditions or treatments. In the case of children and young people , parents/guardians are able to consent for their children. However children and young people are also able to consent for themselves if they are deemed competent and capable of informed decision making. Please see the UCLH Consent Policy and Procedure for further guidance to staff on this issue. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 allows a person to use a LPA (Lasting Powers of Attorney) to appoint someone to act on their behalf if they should lose capacity in the future. This is like the Enduring Power of Attorney (EPA), but the Act expanded this to allow people to let an attorney make health and welfare decisions. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 took effect from April 2007. The Act provides a statutory framework to empower and protect patients who have made Advance Decisions commonly known as Living Wills. Please refer to the UCLH Policy on Advance Decisions (Living Wills) about Treatment and Care for guidance to staff on this issue The Carers Equal Opportunities Act (2004) promotes the health and welfare Of carers and states all carers’ needs should be assessed by their local council taking into account the carers’ wishes to work or undertake any education, training or leisure activities. Impact/Burden of Caring When caring roles have become well established their impact on the   lives of carers and their family can be very significant. Most carer identify that caring had impacted negatively on their health and wellbeing ,mainly focusing on some reporting having suffered from a range of illness including Arthritis, high blood pressure, diabetes, chronic fatigue/fibromyalgia and IBS exacerbated by their caring role (carers Scotland 2011) Almost half the carers interviewed reported that their condition had started after they began caring . The 2001 Census findings found out that those caring for 50 hours a week or more are twice likely to be in poor health as those not caring 21% against 11%. Income and finances continue to be a factor in affecting carers health and wellbeing. Other factors contributing to poor health amongst carers are low incomes and lack of breaks. Giving and receiving care is an essential part of each person’s humanity crucial for the well being of the overall society fabric, often you see carers feel unsupported with their needs unrecognized and their contribution taken for granted.(Stiell et al 2006) According to research by Carers Uk Finacial costs of caring can be significant .72% of carers wee found to be worse off financially as a result of becoming   carers. The reasons cited for this include the additional costs of disability, giving up work to care , the inadequacy of disability benefits and the charges for services Once a diagnosis has been established and appropriate medical treatment initiated, more long term patterns of care may need to be considered. Any form of intervention needs to be guided by an understanding of what dementia is. (British journal of medical psychology, 1998). More in general the impact of caring for a person with Dementia is highlighted by a few more aspects mainly the change in behaviour presenting challenging behaviours,loss of recognition of people, loss of the person also known as the living bereavement, spouses often become labelled as carers when they wish to be seen as husband or wife leading to the loss of identity. One of the biggest impacts is the loss of freedom and flexibility to have a life because the constant role of looking after someone and limiting what you can do and where you can go. There is also the lack of understanding by society as a whole. The goal of good dementia care should be to improve people’s sense of well being the inner resources available to them and to lift their quality of life just as valid a set of therapeutic aims as cure. Because the giving of care is often seen as a matter of common sense, rather than as a complex, sophisticated and subtle process, there is a high use of unpaid carers. The diversity of this network is illustrated by the cost estimates for dementias in the UK ranging from  £1 billion to over  £14 billion per year ( Bosanquet colleagues 1998). If we are to transform quality of life we need to empower service users and their carers   to make choices about what they want and enabling them to care for themselves and putting them and their carers at the heart of planning . What about the impact? The impact that is experienced or needed will vary over the course of the illness and from person to person and family to family. The most common areas the carers would need assistance with would be a key person to contact when help is needed. Empathetic understanding of   the problems for both the person with dementia and the carer. A chance for the family carer to understand   the experience of the person with dementia, which helps them to cope better. Quite often situations affecting the carers and even the person with dementia raise ethical problems   such as issues around truth telling and reality orientation how to respond to things such as the person   in their 80s who belives their parents are still alive. Peoples understanding of dementia from family to family are different   Regardless of the ethnic, cultural or social group they belong to. However we   have identified a number of concerns regarding how different groups understand dementia and access services People from BME groups are often more reluctant to approach services for help/support and diagnosis The understanding of dementia as an illness is variable amongst different communities and cultures some view it as something to be ashamed of and hidden.   The common misconception amongst professional teams about BME families and communities â€Å"looking after their own†   The lack of culturally appropriate services. This ranges from carers in the home to carers in care homes Some Admiral nurses have noticed that some cultural groups are reluctant to accept respite services; this could be linked to the lack of culturally appropriate services.   Nurses identified that some assessment tools used to assess dementia are not culturally appropriate. The use of interpreters for assessment is problematic, a number of nurses spoke about the difficulties involved in assessing a client using an interpreter. The Nurses questioned the training of the interpreters used and wondered about levels of awareness of the importance of even slight differences in the way they interpreted answers could make. Literature review Studies used and research methods(general) Studies Results Discussion Conclusion Reference List

0610 BIOLOGY Essays (1277 words) - Secondary Education In England

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2007 question paper 0610 BIOLOGY 0610/02 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2007 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 1 (a) (i) leaf B has parallel veins/veins not branched; [1] (ii) organism D has body divided into segments/rings/OWTTE; [1] (iii) organism E has four pairs of/eight legs/limbs ; I - ref to cephalothorax (erroneous) [1] (iv) organism G has more than 4 pairs of legs/limbs/non-identical/varied legs/limbs/2 regions to body/cephalothorax and abdomen; I refs to exoskeleton [1] N.B. No letter given no mark (b) show division of 50/5; (magnification) x10/times 10; R 10mm If no working then 2 marks for correct magnification If wrong working can gain 1 mark for correct magnification I ratios [2] [Total: 6] 2 (a) A = sepal/calyx; B = anther/stamen; Accept androecium [2] (b) to receive/trap pollen/OWTTE; Accept ref to male gamete [1] (c) 1 no nectary (in wind pollinated flower); 2 smaller/less obvious petals (in wind pollinated flower); 3 stamens outside of petals/flowers (in wind pollinated flower); 4 stigma/style outside of petals/flowers (in wind pollinated flower); 5 feathery stigma (in wind pollinated flower); any two 1 mark each [2] (d) process flowering plant human fertilisation germination implantation pollination sexual intercourse Each vertical column correct 1 mark each [2] I crosses in other boxes Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 (e) (i) 1 dispersed by animals/mammals/birds/named examples; R insects 2 red outer coat attracts them; 3 flesh encourages them to eat fruit; 4 seeds hard coats allow it to avoid digestion/discourage swallowing; 5 dispersal in faeces/dropped while removing flesh; any three 1 mark each [3] (ii) 1 moisture/water/OWTTE; 2 with minerals/named mineral; 3 warm conditions/suitable/optimum temperature; 4 in light/not shaded area; any three 1 mark each [3] [Total: 13] 3 (a) continuous (variation); [1] (b) (i) plotted as four bars, all clearly identified (beneath or on bar); accurate plotting (+/ half a square); [2] (ii) genes/alleles/genotype/DNA/OWTTE; [1] (c) (i) a change/alteration in a gene/allele/DNA/chromosome/chromosome number; [1] (ii) chemical/named example/cigarette tar; (gamma/beta/alpha/ionising) radiation; X rays; UV light; any two 1 mark each [2] [Total: 7] Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 4 (a) (i) F; [1] (ii) E; [1] (iii) no tropical forest left/all destroyed; [1] (iv) D; [1] (b) (i) bacteria/fungi; [1] (ii) carbon dioxide; minerals/named mineral salt/ion; I nutrients R nitrogen (gas) [2] (c) 1 crops take/use mineral salts from soil; 2 crop removed from land; 3 soil becomes infertile/low in mineral salts; 4 crop yield drops to worthless levels; 5 no fresh/replacement of humus/no recycling of materials; 6 crumb structure lost; any three 1 mark each [3] [Total: 10] 5 (a) (i) carbon compounds in animals; [1] (ii) C; D; E; any two 1 mark each [2] (iii) B; [1] (iv) A; [1] (b) (i) arrow labelled P parallel to C but in opposite direction/ linking boxes from air to plants around outside of diagram; [1] (ii) carbon dioxide + water; = glucose/(simple) sugar/starch + oxygen; [2] I ref to water on product side A correct formula as substitute for word no need for equation to be balanced [Total: 8] Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 6 (a) A; D; E; [3] I named parts (b) root hair cell 1 long extension/description to cell; 2 increase surface area (for absorption); 3 no chloroplasts/chlorophyll; 4 underground/hidden from light; [4] I - ref to photosynthesis

Applying Mathematical Concepts to Business Administration Essay

Applying Mathematical Concepts to Business Administration - Essay Example Despite this, many students still fail to realize just how important mathematics can be in their chosen profession. Other students mistakenly believe that the extent to which mathematics will play a role in their profession will be a minor role. In truth, mathematics is used daily in a variety of professional fields including business administration, and can often play a role in problem resolution. Some business related problems that can be solved with mathematics are payroll discrepancies and funding needs. Business Administration entails a multitude of tasks and responsibilities. Many of these components can become problematic if proper mathematics is not applied. For example, a business owner or manager may, at times, be held responsible for pay roll, accounts payables, accounts receivables, determining advertising or marketing needs, and writing various proposals. Although business owners can and often do hire help to perform these many functions, understanding the concepts will ensure that the business owner can accurately monitor the progress and effectiveness of his or her employees or contracted associates. Owning a business can present a variety of problems, including conflict resolution, competition, and establishing a loyal customer base. Some of these problems cannot be solved by the use of mathematics. However, several other problems can arise that will require a solid knowledge of mathematics and an understanding of how to apply mathematical skills: Having [at least] an introduction to these topics will provide you with the basics needed for initial analysis of financial situations in your business. This information is critical to successfully managing the financial aspects of your business (Jones International University 1). Although it may appear trite to first reference financial aspects of an organization as a source of potential problems faced by business administrators and owners, the problems that can stem out of a business's financial matters can be immense. If these problems are handled improperly, they could prove to be fatal for the business. One such problem is with proper payroll accounting. Payroll embodies the life-blood of a company's employees, contracted employees, and management staff. Put simply, payroll is the monetary compensation such employees receive in exchange for their work and services provided to the company or on the behalf of the company. The most common problem that can occur with payroll is inadequate tracking of hourly employees (Corpus Christi Caller 1). Hourly employees, or those employees who receive compensation based on the number of hours they work during a specific amount of time, can make mistakes regarding their time tracking. Additionally, managers can make mistakes when calculating the wage amount for an employee for one specific pay-period. When a mistake is found, several mathematics concepts will come into play to find the mistake and work to resolve the issue. First, to find the exact mistake, the manager's first step will be to recalculate the wages based on the employees hourly pay-rate and the number of hours that employee has reported working. Doing this will require a basic mathematical concept; simply multiply the number of hours worked by the employee's hourly wage amount and round the product up or down to the nearest 100th. Should this answer not match the amount shown on the check, then the problem can be resolved by issuing a new check for the amount of the difference. However, if this new product does match the amount

Target career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Target career - Essay Example In my view no matter how well executed and implemented the strategies of the company are; it is actually money which guarantees a company’s success. With the ever increasing impact of advertising, one cannot deny the importance of numbers because at the end of the day a company has to make profits for the shareholders and survive. Further reasons of choosing accounting fields are: An accountant is very important in every company or bank or government departments. Every project and every initiative taken by the company requires money. An accountant deals with the whole money handling procedures of a firm. My target career is to work with the government to manage the countrys money inside and outside the country such us students scholarships and getting treatment abroad and employees truing courses. Working with government will give me more exposure to practical world. The responsibility of an accountant is very high because it is all about money which makes it not an easy job, but it seems interesting and fun with a high social position. The salary for the accountant in Qatar is about $10,000 to $15,000 a month, but if you have a Certified Public Accounting (CPA) your salary could be about $20,000 to $30,000 a month. In my view, this is a handsome salary package which I would want to pursue. Since I am joining it also because of my personal strengths, I find it interesting to play with numbers and I really hope that it will be an interesting as well as a fruitful and learning experience for me and I am grateful to you for the guidance which you give